From the Field-Agronomy Notes

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May 6th, 2016-

Following the brief cold snap experienced on April 10th, transplanting has occurred at break neck speed in all areas of the state. As of today, it is estimated that 75% of the Eastern Belt, 56% of the Middle Belt, and 21% of the Old Belt crop is in the ground (Figure 1). Based on the forecast for the remainder of the week I wouldn’t expect these number to increase significantly, as rain is expected to keep soil conditions too wet for many to transplant.

Figure 1. Estimated Tobacco Plantings by North Carolina Production Belt.

Figure 1. Estimated Tobacco Plantings by North Carolina Production Belt.

Despite current conditions, the crop as a whole looks extremely good. The mild winter we experienced ultimately led to warmer and relatively dryer soil conditions. In fact, I’d go as far as stating that soil conditions leading up to this season were as good as they’ve been in a number of years. I recall a time in early to mid-February when many questioned if we’d be able to fumigate in a timely manner due to poor environmental conditions, fortunately nearly everyone was able to do so.

The most significant issue faced by growers thus far has been hail damage in isolated areas of the Coastal Plain. Estimates are early and likely very conservative, but early reports indicate that as many as 500+ acres may need to be replanted. This estimate accounts for documented hail events occurring over the past week. Growers have had a very successful greenhouse season so we’ve estimated that transplant availability is good in many places, though it has been mentioned that transplant supply could be tight in some areas. Having said that, if you need seedlings or have extra, please contact your local Cooperative Extension Agent. They will be able to help facilitate the movement of transplants as needed.

2016 Hail Injury Wayne Co (3)

Hail injury to young seedlings. Stems and buds are intact, so replanting is not necessary.

Hail injury to young seedlings. Stems and buds are intact, so replanting is not necessary.

In addition, as options for replanting are discussed, keep in mind that a 10% stand loss is our threshold for decision making. With a 10% stand loss tobacco plants can still compensate for misses or skips and maintain desired yield and value. When greater than a 10% stand loss occurs yield and quality results from controlled studies have been variable at best, as results are highly dependent upon how long after transplanting a hail event occurs and then subsequent growing conditions. The most recent research conducted regarding stand loss was in the mid-2000’s. In this work it was demonstrated that a 10% stand loss two weeks or four weeks after transplanting did not reduce leaf yield and/or quality. Alternatively, stand losses in excess of 20% two or four weeks after transplanting consistently reduced crop yield and value.

A good rule of thumb regarding hail damage is that if the stem and bud are intact, then the plant has a chance to recover. If the bud has been removed, then turning a sucker is the only practical option for older plants if replanting is not an option due to lacking availability of transplants. Lastly, the growth rate of injured plants will be slower than plants without injury. Temperatures are expected to climb into the mid-80’s next week and soil moisture should not be limiting, this should give some hope of creating a very good environment for plant recovery where injury is not extremely severe.

Written By

Matthew Vann, N.C. Cooperative ExtensionDr. Matthew VannDepartment Extension Leader, Tobacco Extension Specialist, Associate Professor Call Dr. Matthew Email Dr. Matthew Crop & Soil Sciences
NC State Extension, NC State University
Updated on May 6, 2016
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